![]() ![]() Through ‘94 and ‘95, jungle exploded, filling raves and clubs, spawning thousands of records, and occasionally crashing the charts. Both artists and audience often felt alienated and excluded from the increasingly protectionist and very white dance mainstream. In radical contrast to the come-one-come-all utopianism of rave, it was a working class, multiracial and, in many areas predominantly Black musical movement. Ditching the steady, four-to-the-floor kickdrums of rave, jungle developed incredible rhythmic sophistication-mind-bogglingly complex drums and discombobulating samples (sirens, gunshots, dogs) balanced by gigantic bass tones. Sometime toward late 1993, that music spun off from rave entirely, and jungle became a genre and scene in its own right. It had the breakbeats of hip-hop the sub-bass and vocals of Jamaican dancehall and dub the sensuality of soul and funk (or “rare groove” as it was referred to at the time) as well as the futurism and euphoria of house and techno and that steadily accumulating hardcore intensity. As UK rave began speeding up in the early ‘90s, becoming hardcore in name and sound, a particular stylistic tendency began to emerge. In purely chronological terms, jungle ranks among the briefest of musical moments. ![]()
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